4Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.5Ti4Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard．我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.5Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.如果时间允

Question

4 I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my heard． 我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.5Ti
4 I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my heard．
我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.
5Time permitting,we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习.
.6____ a reply,he decided to write again.(MET92)
Not receiving B.Receiving not C.Not having received D.Having not received
4 6选择C还是D

Answer 1

1）谓语动词：体现时态的动词
2）非谓语动词：to do （不定式表示即将、趋势）
doing （现在分词表示主动,正在进行,注意不是进行时态）
done （过去分词表示被动,注意不是过去时态）
3）分词作状语：分词与主句逻辑主语一致
例1：Talking and laughing,the students walked out of the classroom.
walked过去时作谓语,所以其他动词talk和laugh要用非谓语动词,三个动作的逻辑主语一致,都是主动的,所以用现在分词作状语,表示伴随状况.
例2：Seen from the moon,the earth is beautiful.
is一般现在时作谓语,所以其他动词see要用非谓语动词,两个动作的逻辑主语一致,但地球是被人（宇航员）从月球上看的,是被动,所以用过去分词,表示条件.
4）分词独立结构：分词与主句逻辑主语不一致
例1：I waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.
fell on 过去时作谓语,所以其他动词wait要用非谓语动词,两个动作的逻辑主语不一致,所以用分词独立结构,正在等车,所以用现在分词,表示正在进行的动作.
同理,第5题也是分词独立结构,表示条件.
注意：不能说I am waiting for the bus,a bird fell on my head.因为违反了一个主句或从句只有一个谓语的原则.可以说I am waiting for the bus when a bird fell on my head.
5）第6题选C,考查分词的否定形式,直接在分词前+not.（注意,在现代英语里,有时也可见把not置于having等之后的现象,但是正规考试还是认可C 的用法.）