Foryears，therehasbeenabias（偏见）againstscienceamongclinicalpsychologists（临床心理学家）．Inatwo-yearanalysistobepublishedinNovemberinPerspectivesonPsychologicalScience，psychologistsledbyTimothyB．Bake

Question

For years，there has been a bias （偏见） against science among clinical psychologists （临床心理学家）．In a two-year analysis to be published in November in Perspectives on Psychological Science，psychologists led by Timothy B．Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to"provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness"and"give more weight to their personal experiences than to science．"As a result，patients have no guarantee that their"treatment will be informed by …science．"Walter Mischel of Columbia University is even crueler in his judgment．"The disconnect between what clinical psychologists do and what science has discovered is an extreme embarrassment，"he told me，and"there is a widening gap between clinical practice and science．"
The"widening"reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying （确认） the most effective treatments．Thanks to strict clinical trials，we now know that teaching patients to think about their thoughts in new，healthier ways and to act on those new ways of thinking are effective against depression，panic disorder and other problems，with multiple trials showing that these treatments-the tools of psychology-bring more lasting benefits than drugs．
You wouldn't know this if you sought help from a typical clinical psychologist．Although many treatments are effective，relatively few psychologists learn or practice them．
Why in the world not？For one thing，says Baker，clinical psychologists are"very doubtful about the role of science"and"lack solid science training"．Also，one third of patients get better no matter what treatment （if any） they have，"and psychologists remember these successes，believing，wrongly，that they are the result of the treatment．"
When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science，clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works．A 2008study of 591psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues'experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient．If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine，warns Mischel，psychology will"discredit （损伤名誉）itself．"
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO　MORE THAN 12WORDS）
78．Clinical psychologists can't explain the effectiveness of their treatment mainly because they rely on___．
79．What has widened the gap between clinical practice and science？___
80．According to Baker，what are the reasons that prevent clinical psychologists from learning or practicing effective treatment？___
81．To avoid discrediting psychology，clinical psychologists need to___．

Answer 1

78．their personal experience    细节理解题，根据第一段Baker of the University of Wisconsin charge that many clinical psychologists fail to"provide the treatments for which there is the strongest evidence of effectiveness"and"give more weight to their personal experiences than to science．"可知临床心理学家不能解释他们的治疗的有效性，主要是因为他们更依靠自己的经验而不是科学的判断，故填their personal experience．
79．The great progress in psychological research    细节理解题，根据第二段The"widening"reflects the great progress that psychological research has made in identifying （确认） the most effective treatments．可知心理学研究的重大进展扩大了临床实践和科学之间的差距，故填The great progress in psychological research．
80．Their doubt about the role of science and inadequate science training    细节理解题，根据第四段For one thing，says Baker，clinical psychologists are"very doubtful about the role of science"and"lack solid science training"．可知Baker认为是科学家对科学的作用和他们科学训练的不足阻止临床心理学家学习或实施有效的治疗，故填Their doubt about the role of science and inadequate science training．
81．support their treatment with science    推理判断题，根据最后一段When faced with evidence that treatments they offer are not supported by science，clinical psychologists argue that they know better than some study what works．A 2008study of 591psychologists in private practice found that they rely more on their own and colleagues'experience than on science when deciding how to treat a patient．If they keep on this path as insurance companies demand evidence-based medicine，warns Mischel，psychology will"discredit （损伤名誉）itself．"可知为了避免给心理学家抹黑，临床心理学家需要用科学的方法支持他们的治疗，故填support their treatment with science．