翻译技巧我想知道，如何对一句英语翻译得近可能要贴近原意有时是知道句子想表达什么的可翻译时总不能很好地表达出来有些重点要翻译的单词总是没能很好地翻译出来使得考试时总扣分

Question

翻译技巧
我想知道，如何对一句英语翻译得近可能要贴近原意
有时是知道句子想表达什么的
可翻译时总不能很好地表达出来
有些重点要翻译的单词总是没能很好地翻译出来
使得考试时总扣分
我很困扰
希望好心之士可以教教我：
如何拆分句子？
如何抓句子的重要翻译部分？
如何分清句子是要以“因果”还是“并列”“渐进”的形式来翻译比较好

Answer 1

找好句中的主谓宾。
1.改变词类Conversion。英语一个词能充当的句子成分较少，充当不同成分时常常要改变词类。
2. 选词用字Diction。
3.词序调整Inversion。一个句子中词和分句的顺序，英汉两种语言往往不同。如表示时间和地点，英语常常是先小后大，而汉语是先大后小。
4.省略Omission。
5.增词Amplification。英语中没有量词，助词，翻译时应根据上下文的需要予以增加。有些英语的不及物动词必须增加宾语意思才完整。
6.重复Repetition?。
7.正译反译法.
8.分译法Division?。英语长句多，为了符合汉语表达习惯，可将英语长句拆成短句。
9.常见短语和重要句型的翻译
1)It goes without saying that…不言而喻的是……
2)It is common knowledge that…众所周知的是……
3)It occurs to me that…我突然想起
4)It is not that...but that…并不是说……而是说
5? 某些含蓄否定的翻译 .
6)more...than...与其说……不如说……She is more like his mother than like his teacher.7)no more...than...和……一样都不drink. 他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。
8)not...all...? all is...not...并不是……都……
9)cannot...too...无论……也不过分We can't praise him too much.10)much less? still less? to say nothing of? not to mention? let alone更不用说He knows little of mathematics? and still less of chemistry.In old China? there was hardly any machine-building industry? to say nothing of an electronic industry.All they have to do is to press a button? and they can see plays? films? operas and shows of every kind? not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match.11)so...that...如此……以至于And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage. 12? not so much...as...与其说……不如说……Science moves forward? they say? not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools. 13)not...because...(否定转移)并不是因为……The police didn't arrest me because I committed any crime. They said I was wandering on the street with the intent of committing an arrestable offense.14? anything...but...一点也不，决不 nothing...but...就是，仅仅，but for...要不是……The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind? it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanations. Alone in a deserted house? he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely. But for your timely help? we couldn't have finished the work on time.15)as特殊状语从句，译为定语从句 〃In short〃? a leader of the new school contends? 〃the scientific revolution? as we call it? was largely the improvement and invention and use of a series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.〃 16? what is called...所谓的，所说的……(东西)One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind? feelings? traits of character? human nature and so on. 17)such...as...诸如……Whether to use tests? other kinds of information? or both in a particular situation depends? therefore? upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability. 18)not...not...双重否定，可依情况译为没有……不……，或每一个……，都……10.注意英语惯用法，俚语和俗语的翻译。Mr. Wilson talks a lot? but Mrs. Wilson wears the trousers in their house.It seems to me what is sauce for the goose is sauce for the gander公鹅?.I hope she will always feel like a daughter of America? and not like a stepchild.It's a lot easier to get in the hole than to get out again.