apply的用法Butperhapstheoldmeasuresofpowerandinfluencearenotadequatetoourtime.Afterall,thehorrorsofIraqareloudtestimonytothelimitationsofhardpower,appliedbymenbearingarms.上面的句子,在“hardpower”和“appl

Question

apply的用法
But perhaps the old measures of power and influence are not adequate to our time.After all,the horrors of Iraq are loud testimony to the limitations of hard power,applied by men bearing arms.
上面的句子,在“hard power”和“applied by ”两处,我不甚理解.我的翻译是这样的：毕竟,伊拉克的恐怖事件对于受限的硬实力是有力的证明,适用于持枪者.总觉得文思不通,请各位指正.
sound economic policies applied by the Housing
这个句子中的“applied by”又该怎么理解呢？

Answer 1

过去分词applied by men bearing arms修饰hard power,做定语
可以这样翻译：
毕竟,伊拉克的恐怖事件对于限制持枪者运用的硬实力是有力的证明.
这个句子中的“applied by”还是实施,运用的意思
sound 有“健康的,合理的”意思
由住房部门实施的健康的经济政策