英语中的“同源宾语”是什么意思?

Question

英语中的“同源宾语”是什么意思?

Answer 1

一、概念：
少数不及物动词后面能跟一个特定的名词作宾语,这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的,这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语（Cognate Object）.
二、用法：
1.常见的能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等.
例如：a. Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life.在党的领导下,现在农民们过着幸福的生活.
b. I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚,我做了一个恶梦.
c. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.
去年八月份,我们的战士与洪水作斗争,打了一个漂亮仗.
d. He died a heroic death. 他英勇地死去.
2. 同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语.这时,“动词+定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语”.二者相比,前者语气更强一些.
e.g.：We slept a comfortable sleep last night.
(= We slept comfortably last night.)我们昨晚睡得很舒服.
Professor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday.
（= Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday.）
史密斯教授上星期三突然去世了.
注意：同源宾语前面通常带有定语.
e.g.：fight a good fight
breathe a deep breath
laugh a foolish laugh
smile a forced smile
3. 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时,该同源宾语常可以省去.
e.g.：You should run your fastest（race）.你应该尽快地跑.
The old man breathed his last（breath）this morning.那位老人今天早晨停止呼吸,撒手西去了.