1.Russel,however,notedthatChinesegovernmentmeasuresinXinjiang"stokediscontent"anddismissedtheideathattherewasashifttolendBeijing'spoliciesmorecredenceinreturnforlesscriticismfromChinaonU.S.operationsinSyriainIraq.2

Question

1.Russel,however,noted that Chinese government measures in Xinjiang "stoke
discontent" and dismissed the idea that there was a shift to lend Beijing's
policies more credence in return for less criticism from China on U.S.
operations in Syria in Iraq.
2.on the sidelines of cold war

Answer 1

Russel,however,noted that Chinese government measures in Xinjiang "stoke discontent" and dismissed the idea that there was a shift to lend Beijing's policies more credence in return for less criticism from China on U.S.operations in Syria in Iraq.
先找出主句：Russel noted that .

这里很清楚,Russel是主句的主语,noted是谓语动词,that引领宾语从句
再宾语从句中找到从句的主语和谓语：主语是Chinese government measures (measures 这里是名词）,in Xinjiang 是修饰前面的 measures的.谓语有两个,一是stoke discontent,另一个是dismissed the idea 并列在一起的.that明显是引导一个定语从句,修饰idea.定语从句是一个 there be 的句型,即 它后面的 a shift才是句子的主语,there是个引导词.因为be在主语之前,所以这种句型属于倒装句.而to是shift带着的,lend sb credence 给.以信任（信誉）,这里是说给中国政府的政策更多的肯定和信任,in return for 以换取.


2.on the sidelines of cold war

你可以查到 on the sidelines of 的意思,有几个,你选一个适合这个语境下的意思即可.
1) 在……期间
2）在正式议程之外
3）作为旁观者