PARTFOUR:WRITINGSectionADirections:Readthefollowingpassageandcompletetheabstractbyusingtheinformationforthepassage.WriteNOMORETHAN3WORDSforeachanswer.Unlikeinourcountryviolenceagainstwomeni

Question

PART  FOUR: WRITING

Section A

Directions: Read the following passage and complete the abstract by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.

Unlike in our country violence against women is very fierce in some western and African countries. The basic cause of it lies in discrimination which refutes women equality with men in all spheres of life. Violence is both underlies in discrimination and serves to strengthen discrimination.

Violence against women is a display of historically unequal status of women compared to men which have resulted into domination and discrimination against women by men and to the prevention of the full development of women. Violence against women is one of the important social mechanisms by which women are constrained into a subordinate position in comparison with men.

As violence against women is spread worldwide many women are targets because of their ethnicity class sexual orientation or disability status.

Many women think that the psychological consequences of abuse are even more dangerous than its physical effects. The experience of abuse often shakes women's self-esteem (自尊) and puts them at great risk of a number of mental health problems such as:

Depression is becoming broadly recognized as a main health problem in the world. Women who are abused by their partners suffer more depression anxiety and phobias than women who have not been abused according to studies in Australia Nicaragua Pakistan and the US.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a strong anxiety disorder that can happen when people go through or witness a traumatic event in which they feel disappointed and helpless or fear death or injury. The symptoms of PTSD contain mentally reliving the traumatic event by means of flashbacks; avoiding anything that would remind one of the events; experiencing discomfort in sleeping and concentrating; and being easily alarmed or frightened.

The severe violence is also likely to lead to suicide. Some women kill themselves or try to do so. Researches from some countries including Sweden and the US have displayed that domestic violence is closely connected with suicide. Battered women who have PTSD symptoms prove to be most likely to try suicide.

Abused women are more likely than other women to misuse alcohol and drugs.

When a person's everyday life functioning or life alternatives continue to be influenced a post-traumatic stress disorder may be the problem requiring professional treatment.

71.__________

Ⅰ．72. __________

●Historically unequal status

 73. __________ from men

 Subordinate position

Ⅱ．74. __________

●Women’s self-esteem shake and 75. __________

 76. __________

 Post-traumatic stress disorder: 77. __________ helplessness fear of 78. __________

 79. __________

 Alcohol and drug use

Ⅲ．80. __________

 Professional treatment

Answer 1

71. Violence against women                       72. Causes/Reasons 73. Domination and discrimination       74. Consequences (of abuse)/The psychological consequences 75. mental health problems                         76. Depression 77. disappointment                                    78. death or injury        79. Suicide            80. Solution/Way/Method/Means/Step/Measure/ Suggestion/Tip