求英语高手翻译（关于语音学知识方面）1,Obstruents—stopsandfricatives----classifiedasvoiced(b,p)arevoicedthroughonlyasmallpartofthearticulationwhentheyoccurattheendofanutteranceorbeforeavoicelesssound.2,so

Question

求英语高手翻译（关于语音学知识方面）
1,Obstruents—stops and fricatives----classified as voiced(b,p)are voiced through only a small part of the articulation when they occur at the end of an utterance or before a voiceless sound.
2,so-called voiced stops and affricates/b,d/are voiceless when syllable initial,except when immediately preceded by a voiced sound
3,the approximants/w,r/are at least partially voiceless when they occur after initial /p,k/
This is due to the overlapping of the gesture required for aspiration with the voicing gesture required for the approximant.(note that the formal statement says at least partially voiceless. Conflicts between statements and transcriptions of this kind will be discussed further below)
4,the gestures for consecutive stops overlap,so that stops are unexploded when they occur before another stop in words
5,in many accents of English,syllable final/p,t/are accompanied by an overlapping glottal stop gesture ,as in pronunciations of tip,(this is another case where transcription cannot fully describe what is going on)
6,in many accents of english ,/t/is replaced by a glottal stop when it occurs before an alveolar nasal in the same word

Answer 1

1、Obstruents-stops和摩擦音—列为表示(b,差异有显著性(p)表示通过只有一小部份的;当他们出现在年底前一个无声的话语或声音.
二、所谓的表达和affricates / b,停止时承兑交单音节最初是无声的,除非有立即表示的声音
三、approximants / w,r /至少部分无声的发生时在初始/ p、k /
这是由于重叠的手势表达所需的愿望与姿态所需的approximant.(注:正式声明称至少有部分的寂静无声的.声明稿中之间的冲突,这种下文即将讨论).
四、手势的重叠、以致连续停站时都未爆炸发生前停止
五、在许多口音的英语,音节,最终/ p是伴随着交叠glottal停止动作,如在发音的提示,(另一种情况是在转录并不能完全描述到底发生了什么).
六、在许多口音的英语/吨/换成glottal停止的时候,它发生在一个肺泡鼻在相同的词