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复合形容词是怎么组成的?形容词+现在分词,能构成形容词.如good-looking,out-standing,etc.形容词+过去分词,也能构成形容词.如well-balanced,grey-haired,etc.那何时用现在分词,何时用过去分词有一定

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复合形容词是怎么组成的?
形容词+现在分词,能构成形容词.如good-looking,out-standing,etc.形容词+过去分词,也能构成形容词.如well-balanced,grey-haired,etc.那何时用现在分词,何时用过去分词有一定的规定吗?请看一题:Now foreiners like coffee much better.The increase in high quality coffee is part of a wider trend-_____(grown,growing)taste for foreign food and drinks in Britain.growing.请告诉我相关的用法.
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复合形容词 对复合形容词可同样从词法和句法两个角度进行归纳. 从词法角度看,复合形容词有以形容词为中心、以动词的分词为中心、以名词(包括名词 + 后缀 -ed)为中心、以及介词短语四大类型: 1. 以形容词为中心的复合形容词 (1)名词 + 形容词:fat-free(不含脂肪的),toll-free(不交费的),maintenance-free(无需维修的),dust-free(无尘的),interest-free(无息的),care-free(无忧无虑的),nuclear-weapon-free(无核武器的),line-dry(一晾就干的),world-famous(闻名世界的),stone-deaf(完全聋的),life-long(终生的),grass-green(草绿色的),bloodthirsty(嗜血成性的),dog-tired(累极了的),home-sick(想家的),threadbare(穿旧的),heartsick(沮丧的). (2)形容词 + 形容词:wet-cold(湿冷的),icy-cold(冰冷的),red-hot(炽热的),bitter-sweet(又苦又甜的,又苦又乐的),light-blue(浅蓝的),deaf-mute(又聋又哑的). (3)现在分词 + 形容词:steaming-hot、smoking-hot(滚烫的、热气腾腾的),soaking-wet、wringing-wet(湿淋淋的,湿得可拧出水来的),biting-cold、freezing-cold(冷得刺骨的,冰冷的). (4)副词 + 形容词:ever-victorious(战无不胜的),over-cautious(过分小心的),all-round(全面的). 2. 以动词的分词为中心的复合形容词. (1)名词 + 现在分词:peace-loving(爱好和平的),time-saving(省时间的),summer-flowering(夏天开花的),ocean-going(远洋的). (2)名词 + 过去分词:heart-felt(衷心的),air-borne(空降的,空运的),home-made(家制的),travel-worn(旅行得疲乏的),hen-pecked(怕老婆的),book-filled(放满书的),poverty-stricken(贫困不堪的). (3)形容词(或副词)+ 现在分词:fresh-frozen(速冻的),easy-going(随和的),familiar-sounding(听来熟悉的),hard-working(努力工作的),ever-lasting(永恒的). (4)形容词(或副词)+ 过去分词:newly-developed(新发展起来的),well-balanced(平衡了的),far-fetched(牵强附会的),half-baked(烤得半生不熟的,肤浅的),hard-won(来之不易的),quick-frozen(速冻的). 3. 以名词(包括名词 + 后缀-ed)为中心的复合形容词 (1)名词 + 名词 + -ed:hot-tempered(急性子的),chick-en hearted(胆怯的,软弱的),honey-mouthed(甜言蜜语的),pa-per-backed(平装本的). (2)形容词 + 名词 + -ed : short-sighted(近视的),tender-hearted(软心肠的),sweet-tempered(性情温和的). (3)形容词 + 名词:long-distance(长途的),full-length(全长的,未删节的),white-collar(白领阶层的),red-letter(喜庆的). (4)动词 + 名词:break-neck(危险的),telltale(搬弄是非的),cut-rate(减价的,次等的). 4. 介词短语构成的复合形容词 在现代英语中,许多介词短语都可以放在名词前面作为修饰语. 例如at-risk(处境危险的);Men over 45 are becoming the new at-risk population for significant problems with anxiety and depression. in-your-face(明目张胆的):The message behind his in-your-face taunt: Get with the program; support the GOP Contract with America; adapt - or else! 5. 句式复合形容词 许多短语和句子也成了复合形容词. 例如:devil-may-care(不顾一切的),dog-eat-dog(狗咬狗的),run-of-the-mill(平常的),dot-and-dash(莫尔斯电码的). 复合形容词之间的句法关系主要有: 1. 形容词 + 状语 (1)比较状语:stone-deaf(完全聋的 ← as deaf as a stone),dog-tired(累极了的 ← as tired as a dog after a long chase). (2)程度状语:steaming-hot(滚汤的 ← so hot as to steam), wringing-wet(湿得可拧出水来的 ← so wet that it needs wringing). (3)原因状语:home-sick(想家的 ← sick because of being away from home of family),travel-worn(旅行得疲乏的 ← worn because of traveling). (4)地点状语:world-famous(闻名世界的 ← famous in the world),oven-fresh(刚出炉的). 2. 动词 + 状语 (1)方式状语:hard-working(努力工作的 ← to work hard),quick-frozen(速冻的 ← to be frozen quickly). (2)程度状语:far-reaching(深远的,广泛的 ← to reach far),half-baked(烤得半生不熟的,肤浅的 ← to be baked partially). (3)时间状语:summer-flowering(夏天开花的 ← to flower in summer),new-born(新的 ← to be born recently),ever-lasting(永恒的 ← to last for ever). (4)地点状语:ocean-going(远洋的 ← to go on the ocean),home-made(家制的 ← to be made at home). 3. 主语 + 谓语 (1)动词谓语:hen-pecked [怕老婆的 ← Hens peck(cocks)],book-filled[放满书籍的 ← Books fill(the room)],poverty-stricken[贫困不堪的 ← Poverty strikes(the place, or people)]. (2)表语:threadbare[穿旧的 ← The thread (of sleeves)is bare],heartsick(沮丧的 ← The heart is sick). 4. 动词 + 宾语 peace-loving(爱好和平的 ← to love peace),time-saving(省时间的 ← to save time),breakneck(危险的 ← to break the neck),telltale(搬弄是非的 ← to tell tales). 5. 定语 - 名词 (1) 定语是形容词:full-length(全长的,未删节的 ← full length),white-collar(白领阶层的 ← white collar). (2)定语是所有格名词:bull-necked(有短而粗的颈项的 ← bull's neck),chicken-hearted(胆怯的,软弱的 ← chicken's heart). 6. 并列 bitter-sweet(又苦又甜的,又苦又乐的 ← bitter and sweet),deaf-mute(又聋又哑的 ← deaf and mute),phonetic-semantic(音义结合的),social-political(社会政治的),shabby-genteel(穿酸的).
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