动词不定式的用法解析,练习题及答案

Question

动词不定式的用法解析 ,练习题及答案

Answer 1

高中应掌握的动词不定式知识
1.不定式的构成形式：to do\to be done\to be doing\to have done \to have been done
2.不定式的语法功能：主语、宾语、宾补、表语、状语、定语.
3.不定式在某些句型中的意义：
1）主+谓（推断）+to be(表同时）/to have done（表发生在主要动词之前）/to be doing(表动作正进行)
谓语动词：seem,appear,be said,be supposed,be believed,be thought,be reported,be known等.
2）主+谓（希望）+to do(表将来)/to have done (表过去原本希望,但未能实现）谓语动词：hoped,meant,wanted,expected,wished,planned,promised,disired等.
3）不定式作主语,常用形式主语it代替.
A.It takes sb.some time\some money\some trouble to do sth.
B It costs sb.some money\time\energy\labour to do sth.
C.It is adj.for sb.to do sth.
D.It is adj.of sb.to do sth.( 常用形容词good,kind,clever,stupid,cruel,rude,polite,wrong,right,wise,brave,careful,naughty...)
4）不定式作宾语,常用形式宾语it代替.句式为：主+consider,think,make,feel,find,know,regard,believe+it +宾补+to do sth.
4.只能由不定式作宾语的动词有：offer,afford,learn,plan,demand,ask,promise,agree,help,prepare,decide,choose,determine,refuse,dare,manage,hope,wish,expect,long,fail,pretend.
5.常用不定式作宾补的动词有：like,hate,encourage,wish,ask,tell,want,desire,expect,prefer,permit,order,allow,invite,force,warn,cause,advise,request,oblige,get,beg,persuade,teach.
6.常用不带to不定式作宾补的动词有：see,look at,watch,notice,observe,listen to,hear,make,have,let.help (to),feel,注意区别：find sb.to be\get sb.to do sth..
7.疑问词+不定式=名词短语或名词从句.
8.不定式作状语表目的,结果,原因等 .
其中,结果状语通常为only to do…表示________________的结果.
特例：1） in order to=so as to(只用于句子后）\...so as to=so...as to=in order that\so that+从句can\could\may\might+v.表目的.
2）so as to +v.=so that ...表结果.
3）too+adj.\adv.for sb.to do sth.
4) adj.\adv.enough to do sth.(enough修饰名词可前可后）
9.不定式作表语.
特例：主+seem\appear\happen to +v.
10.不定式作定语
1）不定式的动词如果是不及物动词,应带上介词.（ 修饰time,place,way除外）
2）主动和被动：
不定式与所修饰的词构成逻辑上的主谓关系常用主动.I have homework to do.
11.不定式的省略：
1）to的省略
A：感官动词、使役动词之后,并且是主动句,如是被动句,仍需要to （get,order,ask,cause,find除外）
B：do+something\anything\nothing+but\except\besides+v.
C：Why not...had better,would rather之后.
D:不定式作定语,主动表被动,如:1)I have some maths problems to work out.注意区别当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,如:Do you have any clothes to be washed?I will wash them for you.仍用被动结构.
E：不定式作表语形容词的状语时,主动表被动He found Chinese difficult to learn.
2）动词的省略：下列动词常省略所重复的动词,但be和have 助动词除外.(want\hope\wish\'d like\hate\try\ought\mean\plan\need\used\be able \be going \be supposed to.)