化学元素碳英文介绍越详细越好，全部英文。

Question

化学元素 碳 英文介绍越详细越好，全部英文。

Answer 1

Carbon is a nonmetallic element, located in the periodic table of the second cycle of IVA family. Latin for Carbonium, meaning "coal, charcoal." Chinese characters "carbon" element of the word from the cyclical nature of charcoal, "carbon" word plus the word next to the stone structure, from the "carbon" pronunciation. Carbon is a very common element, it is widespread in many forms in the atmosphere and the earth's crust into. Elemental carbon has long been recognized and utilized, a series of carbon compounds - organic matter is essential for life. Carbon is pig iron, wrought iron and steel one of the ingredients. Carbon can be chemically combined to form a large number of self-compounds, biologically and commercially important molecules. Vivo most of the molecules contain carbon [1] element. Carbon compounds in general obtained from fossil fuels, and then isolated and further synthesized a variety of products needed for production and daily life, such as ethylene, plastics and so on. The existence of many forms of carbon, there are single-crystalline nature of carbon, such as diamond, graphite; whether amorphous carbon such as coal; a complex organic compounds, such as plants and animals, etc.; carbonate, such as marble. One quality of the physical and chemical properties of carbon depends on its crystal structure. High hardness of diamond and soft creamy graphite crystal structure is different, each have their own appearance, density, melting point and so on. Room temperature, the chemical properties of a single mass of carbon is not lively, not soluble in water, dilute acid, dilute alkali and organic solvents; different reactions under high temperature and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide; in halogen only fluoride with a direct response to a single mass of carbon; in the next heat single mass of carbon be easier to acid oxidation; at a high temperature, carbon can also work with many metals the reaction of metal carbides. Carbon has a reductive, metal smelting at high temperatures may be. Chemical symbol: C Element Atomic Weight: 12.01 Use of proton: 6 Atomic Number: 6 Cycle: 2 Family: IVA Electron shell distribution :2-4 Atomic volume: 4.58 cubic centimeters / mole Atomic radius (calculated): 70 (67) pm Covalent radius: 77 pm Van der Waals radius: 170 pm Electron configuration: 1s22s22p2 Electronic energy levels in each row of cloth: 2,4 Oxidation Price (oxide): 4,3,2 (weak acid) Color and appearance: black (graphite), colorless (diamond) State of matter: solid-state Physical Properties: Anti-Magnetic Melting point: about 3550 ℃ (diamond) Boiling point: about 4827 ℃ (sublimation) Molar volume: 5.29 × 10-6m3/mol The content of elements in the sun: (ppm) 3000 The content of elements in seawater: (ppm) the surface of the Pacific Ocean 23 Content of elements in the Earth's crust: (ppm) 4800 Mohs hardness: 1-2 graphite, diamond 10 Oxidation state: mainly -4,, C +2, C +4 (there are other oxidation state) Bond can be: (kJ / mol) CH 411 CC 348 C = C 614 C ≡ C 839 C = N 615 C ≡ N 891 C = O 745 C ≡ O 1074 Unit cell parameters: a = 246.4 pm b = 246.4 pm c = 671.1 pm α = 90 °β = 90 °γ = 120 ° Ionization energy: (kJ / mol) M - M + 1086.2 M + - M2 + 2352 M2 + - M3 + 4620 M3 + - M4 + 6222 M4 + - M5 + 37827 M5 + - M6 + 47270 Single Quality Density: 3.513 g/cm3 (diamond), 2.260 g/cm3 (graphite, 20 ℃) Electronegativity: 2.55 (Pauling scale) Specific heat: 710 J / (kg · K) Conductivity: 0.061 × 10-6 / (m ohm) Thermal conductivity: 129 W / (m · K) first ionization energy 1086.5 kJ / mol 2nd ionization energy 2352.6 kJ / mol 3rd ionization energy 4620.5 kJ / mol fourth ionization energy 6222.7 kJ / mol fifth ionization energy 37831 kJ / mol sixth ionization energy 47277.0 kJ / mol Bond: carbon atoms are generally four price, which requires four single-electron, but the ground state is only two single-electron, it is always carried out when the bonding hybrid. The most common form of hybrid sp3 hybridization, four valence