英语翻译4.2.1合同可以明示或默示的方式受国际经济贸易惯例的约束如果合同用明示或默示的方式接受国际经济贸易惯例的约束,则合同当事人要受国际惯例约束,具有法律的约束力.《联合国

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英语翻译
4.2.1 合同可以明示或默示的方式受国际经济贸易惯例的约束
如果合同用明示或默示的方式接受国际经济贸易惯例的约束,则合同当事人要受国际惯例约束,具有法律的约束力.《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》第10条对国际惯例作了下列明确规定：
1．“双方当事人业已同意的任何惯例和他们之间确立的任何习惯做法,对双方当事人均有约束力.”所谓“业已同意”应理解为当事人明示地同意.例如,在合同中明确表明此合同根据XXXX国际惯例解释,或者口头表示根据XXXX国际惯例解释,则该国际惯例对当事人有约束力.
2．“除非另有协议,双方当事人应视为已默示地同意对他们的合同或合同订立适用双方当事人已知道或理应知道的惯例,而这种惯例,在国际贸易上,已为有关特定贸易所涉同类合同的当事人知道并为他们经常遵守”.“默示地同意”,应理解为：（1）当事人应该知道的；（2）在国际贸易中广为人知的；（3）同类交易的当事人经常遵守的.
因此,国际经济贸易惯例通常是在当事人表明援用时（一般是在当事人签订的合同中明确规定受某种惯例的约束）才对当事人有约束力.同时,还允许当事人在合同中用特殊规定修改、排除或补充现有惯例中的规定.但一旦当事人明示适用某种惯例,对它所作的修改、排除或补充也就必须以明示的协议表明.合同与惯例发生矛盾时,应以合同为准；凡合同没有规定的事项,则应按它所援引的惯例的规定办理.除此之外,在合同未作规定或规定不明确时,如果双方当事人没有在合同中排除某种惯例的适用,从他们之间通常的交易或者其他情况,推断他们已经知道或理应知道这种惯例,并且同意对该合同适用这种惯例的,或者该合同适宜适用这种惯例的,以及在国际贸易中被人们广泛采用和经常遵守的惯例的,可以由仲裁机构或法院决定参照该惯例处理他们之间的有关争议.也就是说,即使当事人未明确同意采用,也可作为当事人默示同意惯例,因而对当事人双方具有约束力.

Answer 1

4.2.1 contract may be expressly or impliedly,to the international economic and trade practice restraint
If the contract by expressly or impliedly,to accept the international economy and trade practices bound to the contract the parties bound by international practice,a legally binding."United Nations Convention on Contracts for International Sale of Goods," the first 10 pairs of international practice made the following specific requirements:
1."The parties have agreed that any practices established between them and any practices that are binding on the parties." So-called "already agreed" to be understood as the parties expressly agreed.For example,in the contract clearly indicates that this contract in accordance with international practice XXXX explained that under the XXXX or oral interpretation of international practice,then the international practice is binding on the parties.
2."Unless otherwise agreed,the parties shall be considered to have implicitly agreed to their contract or the conclusion of the contract apply the parties are aware or should have known of the practice,and this practice in international trade,has implications for the specific trade Similar contracts and the parties know that they often comply with." "Implied consent" shall be construed as:(1) he should know,(2) in the well-known in international trade,(3) the parties to such transactions often follow.
Therefore,the international economic and trade practices that are often invoked when the parties (usually the parties signed the contract expressly provided by a practice bound by) the parties are binding only.At the same time,allow the parties to the contract used in the special provisions modify,add or remove the provisions in the existing practice.However,once the parties to express some kind of practice,it made changes to exclude or will be added to the agreement that explicitly.Contracts and practices there are contradictions between the contract should prevail; where the contract does not require the matter,it should invoke the provisions of the practice.In addition,the absence of provisions in the contract shall not clear when or if the parties in the contract did not exclude the application of certain practices,from their usual transactions or other circumstances,the inference they already know or should know that such a practice And agreed that such practices applicable to the contract,or contracts for the application of such practices,as well as in international trade are widely used and often follow the practice,by the arbitration body or court decision reference to the practice of dealing with them Between the dispute.In other words,even if not explicitly agreed by the parties,the parties also can be used as implied consent practices,which are binding on the parties.