英语翻译（四）中国文明的特色中国文明起源是以黄河、长江、辽河三大流域为单独发展基础,在多样性的生态环境里造就了不同文化选择的文明起源多元中心.各中心社会复杂化的具体机制

Question

英语翻译
（四）中国文明的特色
中国文明起源是以黄河、长江、辽河三大流域为单独发展基础,在多样性的生态环境里造就了不同文化选择的文明起源多元中心.各中心社会复杂化的具体机制不尽相同,北方半干旱半湿润地区,灌溉水利工程大约是社会复杂化的机制,处于亚热带湿润气候带的长江流域则以洪水控制体系为社会分层的机制.不论南北地区,由于社会内部分层由来已久,加上中国文明起源主要集中在东部二级台阶以下的平原地区,实际无大的地理阻隔和大的破碎地理单元,政体倾向于至少在文化区内的集权化.所以,中国文明过程更趋向于从酋邦社会向成熟的早期国家过渡,不大有机会进入到两河流域式的“原始民主制”城邦.
中国位于亚洲东部,面向太平洋,背倚欧亚大陆,幅员辽阔,发展空间绝对比尼罗河和两河流域要宽广的多.因而中国的文明模式更容易倾向于中心辐射型,而不是埃及和两河香肠式的模式.
中国历来以农业为经济基础命脉,贸易在古代一直未能占领社会经济主体的地位.因此中国文明进程中,“城市革命”可能不是最首要的.因此中国缺乏形成古印度“城市文明”的土壤.
随着龙山时代尧、舜、禹酋邦在黄河从黄土高原向华北大平原跌落的出口上稳稳地站住脚跟后,黄河在此无法随意摆动又给黄河中游带来可预测的丰富的水利.这个文明起源的中心之一,选择了一条可持续发展的道路,稳步前进.而长江中游石家河文化、下游良渚文化和早先的辽河流域红山文化,因选择了非可持续发展道路而先后崩溃或原地踏步,最终促成以黄河中游一枝独秀的局面形成.中国文明一体化进程正式启动,中国文明蛛网式核心辐射型模式诞生.
中原文明核心形成后,采纳大河文化心态,汇聚千流,吸纳百川,使中原文化具有水一样优良的融合性、渗透性.开禹贡九道,将原各文明起源中心的优秀精华吸纳于中原,集四方成就之大成,方使中国文明生生不熄.禹贡九州的分划、五服、九牧、十八岳的官僚体制充分显示出中原文明核心辐辏八方的外交型行政管理手段,同埃及内向型官僚体制迥然不同.
中国文明起源地区的生态环境的多样化,造就了文明起源的多元性；一体化后又长期地充分保留了地方文化的多样性,从文化、政治、宗教、思想、哲学等诸多方面为文明核心源源不断地提供多样化的养分,以保持中国文明经久不衰的生命力,这是埃及、两河甚至印度所缺乏的,这也正是中国文明这个唯一一个从诞生之日至今从未被打断的文明成功的秘诀.
总之,中国的文明起源模式是多元一体化的蛛网辐辏模式,从其起源到形成,一直带有集权色彩,完全不同于市民做主的“原始民主制”城邦政体制度.

Answer 1

The characteristics of Chinese civilization
Chinese civilization is the origin of the Yellow River,Yangtze River,Liaohe River Basin for the three separate development based on diversity of the ecological environment in different cultures created a selection of multiple centers of origin of civilization.The complexity of the social center of the specific mechanism is different in the north semi-arid sub-humid areas,irrigation water is about the social mechanism complication,in a humid subtropical climate zones are the Yangtze River Basin flood control system for the mechanism of social stratification.Regardless of the north and south,as the stratified society for a long time,and the origin of Chinese civilization concentrated in the eastern part of the secondary level below the plain areas,the reality that there are no major geographical barriers and geographic fragmentation of the unit,at least in the political culture in the region tend to The centralization.Therefore,the Chinese civilization in the process even more difficult to Chiefdom from the community to mature early transition countries,do not have the opportunity to enter into Mesopotamia-style "democracy of the original" city-state.
China is located in the eastern part of Asia,facing the Pacific,the Beiyi Eurasian continent,vast territory and the development of space than is the Nile and Mesopotamia to the more broad.China's model of civilization,and therefore more prone to radiation-center,not the river of Egypt and two sausage-like pattern.
Chinese agriculture has always been the lifeblood of the economic base,has not been able to trade in the ancient occupation of the main socio-economic status.Therefore,in the process of Chinese civilization,"Revolution City" may not be the most important.Therefore,the formation of a lack of Chinese ancient India,"urban civilization," the soil.
With the Longshan era Yao,Shun,Yu Chiefdom in the Loess Plateau to the Yellow River from the华北大平原exports fell firmly on hold with,the Yellow River can not be free to swing in the middle reaches of the Yellow River has also brought a wealth of predictable water.The origin of civilization at the center of one of the chosen a path of sustainable development,steady progress.The middle reaches of the Yangtze River Shijiahe Culture,the lower reaches of the Liangzhu culture,and earlier in the Liaohe River Valley Hongshan culture,as a result of non-chosen the road of sustainable development and making no progress or have collapsed,and eventually to the middle reaches of the Yellow River in order to outshine the formation of the situation.Chinese civilization and the integration process officially started,the core of Chinese civilization,web-birth radial pattern.
Central Plains to form the core of civilization,culture,to adopt the mentality of the river,brought together thousands of streams,rivers absorb,so that the Central Plains culture as the water quality of integration,permeability.Open 9 Yugong,the origin of civilization,the original center of excellence to attract the best in the Central Plains,the success of the Quartet-Shing,the Chinese side to make a civilized life and life is not out.Yugong division of Kyushu,5,9,animal husbandry,and the bureaucracy dake 18 shows a core of the Central Plains civilization influx of foreign-P Plus administrative means,with Egypt inward-looking bureaucracy is very different.
The origin of Chinese civilization and the ecological environment of diversity,created a diversity of the origin of civilization; long-term integration and then to retain a place full of cultural diversity,cultural,political,religious,ideological,philosophical and many other aspects of civilization to the core Continue to provide diversification of nutrients in order to maintain the enduring vitality of Chinese civilization,which is Egypt,the two rivers and even the lack of India,which is the only Chinese civilization from its inception has never beaten Off the success of civilizations.
In short,the origin of Chinese civilization model is the integration of multi-web pattern of influx,from its origin to the formation of a centralized color has been completely different from the people of the shots,"original democracy" system of city government.