英语翻译GeorgeSpilichatWashingtonCollegeinChestertown,Maryland,decidedtofindoutwhether,asmanysmokerssay,smokinghelpsthemto“thinkandfixtheirattentionontheirwork."Spilichputyoungnon-smokers,activesmokersandsmo

Question

英语翻译
George Spilich at Washington College in Chestertown ,Maryland ,decided to find out whether ,as many smokers say ,smoking helps them to “think and fix their attention on their work ." Spilich put young non-smokers ,active smokers and smokers deprived of cigarettes through a series of tests .
In the first test ,each subject sat before a computer screen and pressed a key as soon as he or she recognized a certain letter among a group a of 96 .In this simple test ,smokers,deprived smokers and nonsmokers performed equally well .The next test was more difficult ,requiring all to scan groups of 20 letters and find the one of the letters changed into a different one .Non-smokers were faster ,but under the stimulation of nicotine ,active smokers were faster than deprived smokers .In the third test of short-term memory ,non-smokers made the fewest mistakes ,but deprived smokers made fewer mistakes than active smokers .The fourth test required people to read a passage ,then answer question about it .Non-smokers remembered 19 percent more of the most important information than active smokers ,and deprived smokers did better than those who had a cigarette just before testing .Active smokers were likely not only to havepoorer memories but also had trouble separating important information from unimportant details .
"As our tests becane more difficult ,"says Spilich ,‘non-smokers performed better than smokers by far ."He says ,"Smokers might perform adequately at many jobs until they got very difficult .A smoking airline pilot could fly adequately if no problems arose ,but if something went wrong ,smoking might damage his mental capacity."

Answer 1

在马里兰城里的Chester镇中就读华盛顿大学的George Spilich,决定去调查是否像许多吸烟者认为的那样,吸烟可以帮助他们在工作中集中他们的注意力.Spilich在年轻的非吸烟者,积极吸烟者和剥夺了烟的吸烟者在身上进行了一系列的测试.在第一次测试,每个主题都坐在电脑屏幕前,被要求在看到他们认识的96个字母中的任何一个字母出现时,尽快按下一个指定的键.在这个简单的测试中,吸烟者,剥夺吸烟者和非吸烟者表现得同样出色.下测试比较困难,要求他们在20个字母的一堆文章中,找出一个与别的字母不同的字母.非吸烟者的速度是最快的,但在尼古丁的刺激,积极吸烟者比剥夺吸烟者还要快.第三次测试的是短期记忆,非吸烟者犯了最少的错误,但剥夺吸烟者犯了比吸烟者更少的犯错误.第四次测试是需要的人阅读文章,然后回答问题.非吸烟者比吸烟者记多百分之十九以上的最重要信息,而剥夺吸烟者比测试前刚吸过烟的考得好.吸烟者不仅会有比较坏的记忆力而且还会有无法分别重要信息和不重要的信息的麻烦.“当我们的测试变得越来越困难时,”Spilich说,“非吸烟者的表现远远好过吸烟者.” 他说,“吸烟可能在某些工作中显得表现良好,直到工作变困难时.一个抽烟的飞行员在没有问题发生时,可能飞得不错,但一旦发生了错误,抽烟可能会影响他的精神集中力.”
by雁子~