还有一段，谢谢啊（机器的我也会，就不要来了）意思和语法对就行禁忌（taboo）例子当中的英文和中文不需要翻译虽然,英美人对长辈称之为Dad,Mum,GrandpaGrandma,Aunt,或UncleJim,但现在也

Question

还有一段，谢谢啊（机器的我也会，就不要来了）意思和语法对就行 禁忌（taboo） 例子当中的英文和中文不需要翻译 虽然,英美人对长辈称之为 Dad , Mum, Grandpa Grandma, Aunt,或 Uncle Jim,但现在也倾向于用名字作称呼,并且要避免使用汉族人当作他称、尊称的称谓:叔叔、阿姨,如把解放军叔叔译称 P.L. A. uncle,把警察叔叔称为Uncle Policeman,叫护士阿姨为Aunt Nurse,这都是不妥的,会使英美国家人士感到莫名其妙。英语国家的姓名禁忌是不多的。非亲属关系方面一般是社会称谓,社会称谓是社会结构,人际关系的文化符号。在人际交往过程中,常常需要借助不同的称谓来确立或确认发话人和受话人的角色和地位,如老师与学生,厂长与工人等,随着角色和语言环境的改变,称谓也会相应调整。而讲英语的人这类称呼则较简单:一般在姓氏之前加Mr, Mrs, Miss即可(无论对长辈、小辈均可)。英语很少以职务、职业用于称呼,只有少数例外:Doctor, Judge, Governor和Mayor和Professor,对军官,则用姓加军衔,而不用姓加职务,如:Captain Johnson。 为了避免交际中不必要的麻烦和尴尬出现,我们可以通过用宽泛模糊的词语,来进行一种符号的替代行为比如,我们可以把“涨价”说成“调价”;把失业说成“下岗”;用“个人问题”来代替“婚姻”等等。怀孕本来是一种生理现象,但在日常生活中一般不直接说出。人们说‘她肚子大了’,于是我们可以说estating ;to be in the family way ; to be expecting ; to be excepting a baby; to be mother –to –be ; to be an expectant mother ;fruitful 、with child 等方式来对怀孕进行委婉的说法。我们也可以用禁忌语意义相近或相关的词语,去替代禁忌语

Answer 1

你好，纯人工翻译，非机器，一读便知，保证质量，准确通顺。有问题可联系。 The English and the Americans now tend to call their seniors simply with names though they used to call Dad, Mum, Grandpa Grandma, Aunt, or Uncle Jim. Those following the-third-person addressings and courtesy titles should be avoided, such as叔叔、阿姨. For example, to translate a PLA soldier as PLA uncle, a policeman as Uncle Policeman and a nurse as Aunt Nurse are totally unacceptable as these traslations will extremely confuse the English and the Americans. There are not so many taboos for names in English-speaking countries. Social appellation as the structure of society and the cultural icon of interpersonal relations is widely used in nonfamily interactions. During the process of interpersonal interaction, different titles are often used to set up or confirm the roles and the positions of the speakers and the listeners, such as teachers and students, factory directors and workers. The appellations will be adjusted according to the change of role and language enviroment. As for the English speakers, this is rather a simple task: usually it is only needed to add Mr, Mrs, and Miss before lastnames (no matter seniors or juniors). Few professions or posts would be used in English appellation with a few exceptions like Doctor, Judge, Governor, Mayor and Professor. For military officers, ranks are used after surnames, rather than posts. For example, Captain Johnson. In order to avoid unnecessary troubles and embarrassments, we can use sweeping and ill-defined phrases to serve as a substitution icon. For example, price adjustment instead of inflation of price; go off duty instead of unemployment；personal problem instead of marriage. Pregnancy is always expressed indirectly though it is essentially a physiological phenomenon. People say “She has a big belly”, and we can also use estating;to be in the family way;to be expecting ; to be excepting a baby; to be mother–to–be ;to be an expectant mother ;fruitful, with child and so on, as a euphemistic way to express pregnancy. We can also use the words which have similar meanings to the taboo words to replace them.