交通运输是国家的重要基础设施,是经济建设的先行者.中国铁路是中国综合运输体系的骨干和主要组成部分,与国民经济的发展有着极为密切的相关关系.建国以来,中国铁路有了很大的发展,为

Question

交通运输是国家的重要基础设施,是经济建设的先行者.中国铁路是中国综合运输体系的骨干和主要组成部分,与国民经济的发展有着极为密切的相关关系.建国以来,中国铁路有了很大的发展,为中国的经济发展和人民生活水平的提高做出了巨大的贡献,但在国家宏观经济体制转型的过程中和国民经济的持续发展阶段,尤其是在中国加入WTO之后,中国铁路无论是数量还是运输质量越来越无法适应社会经济的快速增长和社会进步的需要,成为国民经济发展的瓶颈制约.在新形势下党的十六届五中全会强调要加快发展铁路,解决现在对国民经济的瓶颈制约,建成高效、便捷、安全舒适的铁路运输服务体系.本文在借鉴国内外关于铁路改革的相关研究成果的基础上,提出了我国铁路运输业的改组方案和管理体制改革的具体措施.文章首先分析了我国铁路运输业运营效率低下、在运输市场上所占市场份额逐年下降的现状,说明根源在于其“金字塔”式的组织结构和僵化的管理体制.本文在借鉴世界各发达国家对铁路运输业改组和改革的经验的基础上,提出我国铁路运输业可以按“网运分离、客货分离”的模式进行组织结构的重组；对路运部分应致力于引入竞争,创建有效的竞争环境.
关键词:中国铁路,新形势,改革

Answer 1

The transportation is a national important foundation facilities,is economic developments in advance.The Chinese railroad is a development that the framework that China synthesizes to transport the system with constitute primarily is part of,having got with national economy the extremely closely related relation.Found a nation since then,Chinese railroad contain very big development,developping for the Chinese economy to live with people the horizontal exaltation did the enormous contribution,but at nation the process of the macroscopic economic system transformation moderates the national economy keep on developping stage,is after China join WTO particularly,Chinese railroad wether is a quantity or transport the quantity to can't adapt to more and more society economic increase quickly with the demand that society progresses,become the bottleneck system of the national economy development roughly.Under the new situation a bottleneck system for of 16th fifth inside allly emphasizing wanting quickly developping railroad,solving now to national economy is roughly,setting up efficiently,the convenient and safe and comfortable railroad transports the service system.This text put forward in drawing lessons from domestic and international the foundation of the related research result that reform concerning the railroad the our country railroad forward agent reshuffle the project to reform with the concrete measure that manage the system.The article analyzed first the our country railroad forward agent carries the camp efficiency is lowly and is year by year descendent at the present condition that transport the market shared on market quota,explaining the construction of buildup that source consist in its" pyramid" type with the management system that come to a deadlock.This text put forward the our country in drawing lessons from the world eachly prospering nation reshuffling to the railroad forward agent with reformedly of empirical foundation the railroad forward agent can press" the net carries separation,guest goods separate" of the mode proceeds the structural reorganization of buildup;Carries to the road part should concentrate on leading into the competition,creating the competition environment that set up effectively.
Key phrase:Chinese railroad,new situation,reform