动词+副词构成的动词短语那些相当于不及物动词的动词短语跟宾语时是不是和不及物动词一样先加介词再加宾语?

Question

动词+副词 构成的动词短语
那些相当于不及物动词的动词短语 跟宾语时 是不是和不及物动词一样 先加介词再加宾语?

Answer 1

动词+副词（Verb + adverb）
　　这类短语动词,有的相当于一个及物动词.例如：--to turn up the radio (把收音机开大)；
　　--to turn up the soil (把地翻起)；
　　--to take up water (吸水)；
　　--to take up a new tool (拿起新工具)；
　　--to take up this question (谈到这个问题)；
　　--to take up space (占据空间).--She was extremely lucky:when her great-uncle died,she came into[继承(遗产)] a fortune.--I hope I shall be able to clean off(把…清除掉) these black marks.--They were so far away that I couldn't make out their faces clearly.
　　(他们离得那么远,我没法把他们的脸辨认清楚.) --Trains stop here in order to pick up passengers only.必须注意,本组短语动词一般都可以构成被动语态.例如：--Trains stop here in order that passengers are picked up only.
　　另外,这类短语动词相当于及物动词时,若宾语为名词,一般既可放在短语动词之后,也可放在动词和副词之间.若短语动词的直接宾语为代词,则位于动词与副词之间.例如：--to give it (指 heat) out 放出它(热量)；to keep them (指 the molecules) apart 使它们(分子)保持分离但是某些表示及物的短语动词却具有自己的固定模式：不允许随便将副词放在宾语之后(除非是宾语为代词)；有时有的不容许随便将副词放在宾语之前.例如：
　　--They had given up hope.此句不能变为：--They had given hope up.--Get that parcel off right away!(寄出) 此句因为歧义的缘故不能把副词off放在宾语之前.及物短语动词get…off与动词get后面跟介词off意思不同.例如：--Get off that stool -it's just been painted!--Get off that parcel right away!--I switched the light on and off.--I switched on and off the light.
　　--Crying my eyes out.--I was laughing my head off.--Sobbing my head out.这个句子不能变为：--crying out my eyes.--I was laughing off my head.--sobbing out my heart.
　　这种短语动词的固定现象往往出现在短语动词与宾语之间,具有牢固的习语关系,此时意思同时从字面意义转向比喻意义.短语动词在这些夸张语中成了固定的习惯用法.此上这几种情况必须要加以注意.从例句可以看出短语动词与动词和副词结构具有不同的意义,因此我们必须加以区分.一般可用以下的
　　三个标准.1）短语动词无法孤立地根据动词和副词的意义预测结合后的意义.例如：--catch on (理解),give in (投降),blow up (爆炸)
　　但在动词和副词的自由组合中,动词作正常的不及物动词,而副词则有自己的意义.例如：--He walked past.(= past the object/place) --I waded across.(= across the river/water/etc.)
　　past,across 是副词,它们的作用等于一个方向介词短语.动词和副词在意义上可以分开,因为可以换词：例句中的waded across 中的wade,我们可以用walk,run,swim,jump,fly等来替换；而across,我们则可用in,through,over,up,down等来替换.
　　2）在动词和副词的自由组合中,经常可以在副词和动词之间加上一个修饰性副词right(有时可用
　　straight,例如：--Go right / straight on.--Walk straight in.--Drink right in.而插入语在不同程度上,对短语动词来说,却是不可接受的.例如不能说：--The prisoner broke right down.--She turned right up at last.3）可以将副词放在动词的前面,同时将主语-动词倒装(主语为代词则不能倒装)：--Out came the sun.--Up you come.--On we drove into the night.但短语动词却不能这样,不能说：--Up blew the sun.--Up it blew.这类动词有的相当于一个不及物动词.例如：--to flow off 流走；流下；
　　--to come round 苏醒；
　　--to look up 抬头看；兴旺；
　　--to ring off 挂断电话 --The picnic came off (举行) at last after being twice postponed.--Do you know the reason why the automobile breaks down (出故障)?--It was no surprise when we were told that our grandfather had passed away.(去世).--Their plans for a big party fell through (完全失败).