英语翻译国际护士会认为护理学是帮助健康的人或患病的人保持或恢复健康,预防疾病或平静的死亡.1965年《护理伦理国际法》中规定：护士的唯一任务是帮助患者恢复健康,帮助健康人提高

Question

英语翻译
国际护士会认为护理学是帮助健康的人或患病的人保持或恢复健康,预防疾病或平静的死亡.
1965年《护理伦理国际法》中规定：护士的唯一任务是帮助患者恢复健康,帮助健康人提高健康水平.
1973年《国际护士伦理守则》首先规定了护士的基本任务有四个方面：促进健康、预防疾病、恢复健康、减轻痛苦.
根据现代护理学的观点,护理学的发展分为三个时期,一,以疾病为中心的阶段,二,以患者为中心的阶段,三,以人的健康为中心的阶段.
首先,以上规定和任务是否同样属于医学的任务和划分方法?其中哪些规定能显示出护理的独特内涵?难道护理学和医学的任务是相同的?另外,从以上规定和划分还可看出,护理的对象是病人和可能患病的健康人.“护-患”关系是护理伦理学中主要的关系.那么,母婴和需要照料的老年人是否属于护理的对象呢?那些从事母婴护理和老年照料工作的人员岂不是被排除在护理的对象之外吗?

Answer 1

International Council of Nurses considers that nursing is to help healthy people or sick people to maintain or restore health , prevent disease or die calmly .
In 1965, Nursing Ethics of International law set forth, the only task of the nurses is to help patients pull through and improve their health..( pull through (使)恢复健康)
In 1973, International Council of Nurses Code of Ethics firstly provided the basic task of the nurses. There are four aspects is to promote health, prevent disease, restore health and relieve suffering.
According to the point of view of modern nursing, the development of nursing is divided into three periods .First stage, it is disease –centered. Second stage, it is patient –centered. Third stage, it is people's health-centered.
First of all, did the above requirements and tasks also belong to the tasks and classify method of the medicine? Which of its provisions can show the unique meaning of nursing? Would the task of nursing be the same as the task of medicine? In addition, from the above requirements and classification, it can also be seen that the objects of being nursed are patients and healthy people who may be sick. The relationship of nursing - patient is cardinal in nursing ethics .So, do the infants and the elderly who need care belong to the objects of being nursed? Is personnel who nurses the infants and the elderly who need care excluded from the objects of being nursed?