帮忙做篇阅读要文章大意和选项的出处ThegeneralAllotment(分配)Act,passedin1887bytheUnitedStatesCongress,wasexpectedtohelpNativeAmericans.TheActcalledforbreakinguptribalreservations(美国印第安部落的保留

Question

帮忙做篇阅读
要文章大意和选项的出处
The general Allotment (分配) Act,passed in1887 by the United States Congress,was expected to help Native Americans.The Act called for breaking up tribal reservations (美国印第安部落的保留地) and turning them into family-sized farms.Each farm would be given to an individual Native American.
The government thought that Native Americans would be better off if they forgot their tribal organizations and their tribal languages.The government expected Native Americans who owned land and farmed for a living to become more like other Americans.But it didn’t work out that way.The Native Americans were used to living in tribal groups and sharing with each other.They had always thought of land as something that belonged to the whole tribe,rather than to individuals.
With their families scattered (分散) on separate farms,many Native Americans were dissatisfied.The land they were given was often poor,and they hadn’t the skill to farm it well.Poverty and poor health increased,while the Native American stuck to their old languages and customs.Eventually the government realized that the division of reservation land had made things worse rather than better for Native Americans.
The Indian Reorganization Act,passed in 1943,reversed the government’s policy.This Act said that all Native American land should be owned by tribes,rather than by individuals.The new Act encouraged tribal organizations to take responsibility for running tribal affairs.The Act also provided money,which tribes could borrow to buy more land or to start business.
Economic conditions have improved for Native Americans.Many tribes run successful manufacturing,mineral leasing,hotels and gambling business.Yet problems of unemployment and poor health still exist.Today Native Americans face a double challenge.They must continue to improve their economic and political position,while at the same time preserving their lands and cultural heritage (遗产)
...说大意就可以了

Answer 1

1887年美国国会通过全面土地分配法,计画帮助美国印第安人.该法要求拆割部落保留地并且将之变成家庭规模的农场.每个印第安人可以单独得到一块农场.
政府以为一旦印第安人忘却他们的部落组织和他们的部落土语,生活就能大获改善.政府期待印第安人透过拥有个人土地,并在其上耕作以维生,就能变得更像其他的美国人.但事与愿违.印第安人习惯於部落群聚生活,并与其他人分享.他们认为土地应该是属於全部落族人的,而不是个人所有的.
印第安人不喜欢一家人分散各地居住.分配给他们的土地通常都是属於劣质地,加上他们并无耕作技能.印地安人坚守他们的语言和传统,使得他们的贫穷和健康问题不能改善,反而在恶化中.政府终於发现,拆割保留地这件事对印第安人来说,事情只是变得更糟而不是更好.
1943年通过的印第安人重组法对政府的政策做了修订.本法认为所有印第安人土地应该属於部落所有,而不是属於个人的.这项新法促使部落组织对部落事务的运作负起责任.本法亦提供金钱协助,部落能够借钱买更多土地或创立企业.
印第安人的经济状况已经获得改善.许多部落所经营的制造业,矿产租赁,旅馆和赌博经营都很成功.但是失业与健康问题仍然存在.今天的印第安人面对著双重挑战.他们必须继续改善他们的经济和政治地位,同时保存他们的土地和文化遗产.