英语中哪些动词不能变被动语态?要确切到是哪几个单词.

Question

英语中哪些动词不能变被动语态?
要确切到是哪几个单词.

Answer 1

被动语态八注意
1．我们知道,主动语态变为被动语态时,通常将主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态的主语；主动语态的主语变为由介词by引导的宾语；谓语动词变为被动语态“be +过去分词”形式,例如：
Everyone likes the interesting film.(主动语态) → The interesting film is liked by everyone.(被动语态)
They used knives to cut things.(主动语态) → Knives are used to cut things.(被动语态)
但是,并非所有由“be +过去分词”构成的形式就是被动语态.有时过去分词已经变为形容词,表示一种状态.试比较：
My brother is very interested in English.我哥哥对英语非常感兴趣.（状态）
My brother was interested by what I told him.我告诉他的话让我哥哥非常感兴趣.（动态）
2．在被动语态中谓语动词一定是及物动词,也就是说必须跟宾语的动词.如：
We can make metals into different shapes.(主动语态) → Metals can be made into different shapes.(被动语态)
在主动语态中make是及物动词,其动作的承受者即宾语是metals.
但是,并非所有的及物动词都有被动语态.比如,表示静态的动词（have、belong to）、宾语是反身代词或相互代词等.例如：
He has a nice house.他有一所漂亮的房子.
We must help each other.我们应该互相帮助.
3．主动语态中的主语在变为被动语态时通常变为由介词by的引出的宾语.如：
They have already cut down the trees.→ The trees have already been cut down by them.那些树木已经被他们砍光.
如果谓语动词是know,在变为被动语态时,原来的主语变为由to引出的宾语.如：
May people know him very well.→ He is well known to many people.很多人都非常了解他.
注意：我们之所以用被动语态是因为我们不清楚动作的执行者、或没有必要指出动词的执行者等.因此很多被动语态没有由by引出的宾语.如：
People may lose their lives and homes or they may be injured badly in a fire.在大火中人们可能失去性命和家园,要不就是严重烧伤.
It is used for protecting the fireman from smoke.它用来保护消防人员以避免吸进烟雾.
4．在主动语态变为被动语态时,时态一般应保持一致.如：
We will build more factories in my hometown.→ More factories will be built in my hometown.我们家乡将要建起更多的工厂.
为此,我们必须记住以下某些时态的被动结构：
do（es）→ is/am/are done did → was/were done
have/has done → have/has been done will do → will be done
be doing → be being done
5．某些动词可以跟双宾语如give、pass、bring、write；buy、make等,在变为被动语态时如果直接宾语变为被动语态中的主语,则间接宾语通常由介词to、for引出.例如：
My sister gave me a nice watch for my birthday.→ A nice watch was given to me by my sister for my birthday.我过生日时收到了姐姐的一块手表.
They have bought us many books.→ Many books have been bought for us by them.很多书都是由他们给我们买的.
6．某些动词make、hear、see、watch等在主动语态中,其宾语补足语要求用不带to的不定式.但在变为被动语态时通常省略的不定式符号to必须恢复.如：
He made us clean the classroom after school.→ We were made to clean the classroom after school.我们被迫在放学后打扫教室.
I saw him come into the room.→ He was seen to come into the room.人们看见他进了屋子.
7．在主动语态中如果谓语动词是含有介词或副词的短语动词,变为被动语态时不能丢掉该介词或副词.如：
They must take good care of the children.→ The children must be taken good care of.孩子们必须小心照看.
8．英语中某些动词如sell、lock、draw、start等在否定句、进行时或用在某些形容词、副词前可以表示被动意义.如：
This kind of books sells well.这种书畅销.
The door won’t lock.门锁锁不上.