阅读理解Elephantsdon'tforget－atleastfemale(雌性的)elephantsdon't．Elephantfamiliesarematriarchal．Andthesocialknowledgegainedbytheoldestfemalesisthekeytoafamilygroup's

Question

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

阅读理解

　　Elephants don't forget－at least female(雌性的)elephants don't．Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival(生存) according to a study published in April by Karen McComb a biologist at Sussex University in England．

　　Elephants announce their presence by making a deep long sound a practice referred to as contact calling(联络呼叫)．An unfamiliar call may mean that an elephant from outside the family group is nearby．A stranger can cause trouble interrupting feeding or disturbing the young．So an elephant matriarch signals the family to gather around her; then they all lift their trunks in the air to smell the unfamiliar caller．False alarms can disturb the group and take time and energy away from feeding so survival may depend in part on getting it right．

matriarch

　　Working with Cynthia Moss who founded the Amboseli Elephant Research Project in Kenya 30 years ago McComb tested the social knowledge of 21 Amboseli elephant families with matriarchs 27 to 67 years old．She played recordings of contact calls to each family and found that the oldest matriarchs were much better at picking out unfamiliar calls．In fact a group with a matriarch in her fifties was several thousand times more likely to form into a group upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call than when hearing a familiar call．However families with younger matriarchs were less than twice as likely to gather together upon hearing an unfamiliar contact call as compared with a familiar call．And they gathered together a lot．Moreover the social knowledge of older matriarchs translated into favourable results：Families with older matriarchs produced more baby elephants in each female reproductive year．

　　This finding shows how difficult it is to protect the oldest members of elephant families．As elephants age they continue to grow larger as do their much wanted tusks(象牙)．So the older－and wiser－a matriarch is the greater the chance she will be killed．About 800 000 elephants have been killed by people in the past 20 years．

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

(1)

(1)

(1)

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?
[　　]
A．	An old member of an elephant family．
B．	A female head of an elephant family．
C．	A wise elephant．
D．	A large elephant．

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?

[　　]

A．

An old member of an elephant family．

B．

A female head of an elephant family．

C．

A wise elephant．

D．

A large elephant．

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?

What does the underlined word“matriarch”mean?

[　　] [　　]

A．

An old member of an elephant family．

A．

A．

An old member of an elephant family．

An old member of an elephant family．

B．

A female head of an elephant family．

B．

B．

A female head of an elephant family．

A female head of an elephant family．

C．

A wise elephant．

C．

C．

A wise elephant．

A wise elephant．

D．

A large elephant．

D．

D．

A large elephant．

A large elephant．

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(2)

(2)

(2)

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

When do elephants form into a group?
[　　]
A．	When they are feeding the young．
B．	When they see a familiar elephant．
C．	When they are giving birth to baby elephants．
D．	When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

When do elephants form into a group?

[　　]

A．

When they are feeding the young．

B．

When they see a familiar elephant．

C．

When they are giving birth to baby elephants．

D．

When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

When do elephants form into a group?

When do elephants form into a group?

When do elephants form into a group?

[　　] [　　]

A．

When they are feeding the young．

A．

A．

When they are feeding the young．

When they are feeding the young．

B．

When they see a familiar elephant．

B．

B．

When they see a familiar elephant．

When they see a familiar elephant．

C．

When they are giving birth to baby elephants．

C．

C．

When they are giving birth to baby elephants．

When they are giving birth to baby elephants．

D．

When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

D．

D．

When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

When the leading elephant gives out a warning．

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(3)

(3)

(3)

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．
[　　]
A．	how fast elephants form into groups
B．	how important the age of a leading elephant is
C．	how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
D．	how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．

[　　]

A．

how fast elephants form into groups

B．

how important the age of a leading elephant is

C．

how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call

D．

how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．

The research with recordings of contact calls shows ________．

[　　] [　　]

A．

how fast elephants form into groups

A．

A．

how fast elephants form into groups

how fast elephants form into groups

B．

how important the age of a leading elephant is

B．

B．

how important the age of a leading elephant is

how important the age of a leading elephant is

C．

how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call

C．

C．

how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call

how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call

D．

how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

D．

D．

how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

how frequently old elephants call other members of the family

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

(4)

(4)

(4)

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

The older a female elephant is ________．
[　　]
A．	the stronger she will be
B．	the poorer memory she will have
C．	the more useless her tusks will be
D．	the more likely she will be killed

The older a female elephant is ________．

[　　]

A．

the stronger she will be

B．

the poorer memory she will have

C．

the more useless her tusks will be

D．

the more likely she will be killed

The older a female elephant is ________．

The older a female elephant is ________．

The older a female elephant is ________．

[　　] [　　]

A．

the stronger she will be

A．

A．

the stronger she will be

the stronger she will be

B．

the poorer memory she will have

B．

B．

the poorer memory she will have

the poorer memory she will have

C．

the more useless her tusks will be

C．

C．

the more useless her tusks will be

the more useless her tusks will be

D．

the more likely she will be killed

D．

D．

the more likely she will be killed

the more likely she will be killed

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

(5)

(5)

(5)

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．
[　　]
A．	run into other elephant families
B．	give wrong warnings to their mothers
C．	run away upon hearing a strange sound
D．	produce more babies by gathering together more often

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．

[　　]

A．

run into other elephant families

B．

give wrong warnings to their mothers

C．

run away upon hearing a strange sound

D．

produce more babies by gathering together more often

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．

We can infer from the passage that elephants may ________．

[　　] [　　]

A．

run into other elephant families

A．

A．

run into other elephant families

run into other elephant families

B．

give wrong warnings to their mothers

B．

B．

give wrong warnings to their mothers

give wrong warnings to their mothers

C．

run away upon hearing a strange sound

C．

C．

run away upon hearing a strange sound

run away upon hearing a strange sound

D．

produce more babies by gathering together more often

D．

D．

produce more babies by gathering together more often

produce more babies by gathering together more often

Answer 1

答案：1．B;2．D;3．B;4．D;5．A;解析：(1) 根据第一段“Elephant families are matriarchal．And the social knowledge gained by the oldest females is the key to a family group's survival according...