关于英语语法问题谁能解释一下独立主格,怎样区分和句子with的复合结构有怎样.什么时候用ingedtodo形式?

Question

关于英语语法问题
谁能解释一下独立主格,怎样区分和句子
with 的复合结构有怎样.什么时候用ing ed to do 形式?

Answer 1

独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主格）,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语.其作用相当于状语,多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况,有时也用来表示时间和条件.这种结构多用在书面语中.
一、几种常见的独立主格结构形式
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）.如：
1）The moon appearing,they decided to go on with theirjouney.
2）Good-bye said,he went home.
2.名词（或代词）＋形容词.如：
3）The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.
3.名词（或代词）＋不定式.如：
4）Some of the money to be paid by the thief,the policewent.
4.名词（或代词）＋介词短语.如：
5）He climbed in,sword in hand.
5.名词（或代词）＋副词.如：
6）The meeting(being)over,we left the room.
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
(作逻辑主语) (作逻辑谓语)
1.All our savings gone,we started looking for jobs.
2.The question settled,we went home.
3.The river having risen in the night,the crossing was impossible.
主格名词/代词 + 分词 (过去分词/现在分词)
主格名词/代词 + 形容词
1.His mother being ill,he had to stay home to look after her.
2.Other things being equal,I would buy the black dress.
主格名词/代词 + 副词
The meeting being over,our headmaster soon left
the meeting-room.
We to care for the children,you are able to be carefree
away from home.
主格名词/代词 + 不定式
主格名词/代词 +介词短语
Our English teacher came into the classroom,papers in hand.
with复合结构 与 独立主格结构
它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状况状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同.
with复合结构的模式是:
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
一,作时间状语
1,With winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and
some birds fly south.
=Winter coming on,the trees turn yellow and some
birds fly south.
二,作原因状语
1,With the weather terribly cold,we entered the
room to warm ourselves.
= The weather terribly cold,we entered the room to warm ourselves.
2,With the key having been lost,she could not
enter the room.
= The key having been lost,she could not enter the room.
三,作条件状语
1,With time permitting,we'll visit the Summer Palace.
= Time permitting,we'll visit the Summer Palace.
2,With the car going wrong,we'll have to stop
at the foot of the mountain.
= The car going wrong,we'll have to stop at the foot
of the mountain.
四,作伴随状语
1,The mother was cleaning the house with her baby
playing on the bed.
=The mother was cleaning the house,her baby playing
on the bed.
2,Last night I followed him,with a sword in my hand.
= Last night I followed him ,sword in hand.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构,都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语.如下例中的was就必须去掉:
He sat at the desk reading
with a pen was in his right hand.
with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and
flowers in blossom.
= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green
and whose flowers were in blossom.
With 的复合结构是 with sth done 表被动,说明整个sth无法自己执行这个动作
with sth doing,表主动,sth可以自己执行动作.