汉语中的集合名词有哪些?

Question

汉语中的集合名词有哪些?

Answer 1

比较并体会：His family is large.他的家是个大家庭.His family are all waiting for him.他的一家人都在等他.This class consists of 45 pupils.这个班由45个学生组成.This class are reading English now.这个班的学生在读英语.这个班的学生在读英语.
第二类形式为单数,但意义永远为复数这类集合名词包括cattle(牛,牲畜)cattle(,people(人),police(警察)等,其用法特点为：只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数；不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(连用).如：People will laugh at you.人们会笑你的.The police are looking for him.警察在找他.Many cattle were killed for this.就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜.注：表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形).如：five head of cattle 5头牛,fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛第三类形式为复数,意义也为复数这类集合名词包括goods(货物),clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是：只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用.如：Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season.衣服在雨季不易干.Such clothes are very expensive.那样的衣服很贵.If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer.如果货物质量不好,则理应向制造商提出控诉.
第四类形式为单数,意义也为单数这类集合名词包括baggage / luggage(行李),clothing(衣服),furniture(家具),machinery(机器),poetry(诗),scenery(风景),scenery(),jewelry(珠宝),equipment(设备)等,其用法特点为：是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式.如：Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold.我们的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage?你所有的行李都托运了吗?The thief stole all her jewelry.小偷把她所有的首饰都偷走了.The hospital has no decent equipment.这家医院没有像样的设备.The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry.人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期.注：machinery,poetry,jewelry,scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine,poem,jewel,scene等.如：a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器第五类补充几个常考的集合名词除上面提到的四类集合名词外,以下几个集合名词也应重点注意：1.hair(头发,毛发) 指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数).如：My hair has grown very long.我的头发已长得很长了.The police found two hairs there.警察在那儿找到了两根头发.2.mankind(人类) 人是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词.如：This is an invention that benefits mankind.这是一项造福人类的发明.Mankind has its own problems.人类有自己的问题.注：mankind 表示“mankind 人(类)”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时.如：Mankind are intelligent animals.人是理智的动物.3.fruit(水果) 作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的.如：He doesn’t eat much fruit.他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country.他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较：fruits Some fruits have thick skins.有些水果皮很厚.The potato is a vegetable,not a fruit.土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果.