英语翻译1、在全球化语境中,文学已被置于更为广阔开放的批评视野,不再是一块封闭领地.经典作家作品不断被人重读改写,文学批评也不再局囿于作家作品,它囊括了许多边界之外的问题,诸如

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英语翻译
1、在全球化语境中,文学已被置于更为广阔开放的批评视野,不再是一块封闭领地.经典作家作品不断被人重读改写,文学批评也不再局囿于作家作品,它囊括了许多边界之外的问题,诸如文学与文化,文学文本与再现的意识形态机制,文学生产与特定时期的权力机制,文学、作者、出版商与读者大众的关系,批评事业制度化与进步、启蒙、解放等人文主义理想之间的张力,文学和文学批评中渗透的阶级、性别、种族身份认同,等等.然而,当代文学批评中的身份认同研究并没有脱离文学批评,相反的,它竭力从文化、意识形态、权力话语等多重视角重新阐释文学及各种相关话题
2、在新的批评视野中,多种观念交叉共存,各式文本彼此互文.怎样才能既恰如其分地从身份认同入手,重新解读文学文本,让那些在文本中掩压已久的历史、沉默的少数声音、扭曲的种族经验,以及各种边缘的身份问题逐步打开面纱,从台后走到台前?萨义德的对位阅读（Contrapuntal reading）和阿尔都塞的症候阅读（Symptomatic reading）,分别从两方面给了我们难得的启示.③如是,文学研究中的身份认同,将文学、文化、历史、语言等问题有机地结合在一起,进而更将经典与通俗、高雅与大众、读者与批评家等问题纳入到研究视野中.这对于我们从多层面把握林语堂文化身份的内涵和实质,有着无庸置疑的启迪作用.
3、在林语堂的多重文化身份中,国学大师或文化思想者是一个非常重要的身份.这与他思考的立足点有关,他思考的东西似乎是那些看似古老却是最根本的问题.比如：信仰与生命的关系,哲学理性与宗教意识的关系,主观认识与客观事实之间关系,中西不同文化思想的关系,时间空间与事物存在与认知的关系等等.林语堂从所处的文化语境中,自觉地进行调整和分解,以便让自身固有的文化进入到新的语境中,进入到西方人的期待视野中.可以说,他的国学根基深厚,使得他的思想显得非常庞杂而又随意跳跃,而且跟神学问题互为渗透,只是不像西方同时代的学者一样,思考问题集中而深入.然而,在我们心目中的林语堂,毕竟是一位具有多重身份的文化人,这些身份在他身上不是简单相加,而是相互影响、互为渗透、彼此缠绕,从而纠结成难以截然分割的整体.他并不完全认同西方已经确立的文化基础,甚而对西方文化进行广泛的批判.

Answer 1

1, in the context of globalization, the literature has been placed in open criticism of the broader field of vision, is no longer a closed territory. Works of classic authors be reread constantly rewritten, Bureau of literary criticism is no longer confined to writers and their works, which include a number of issues outside the boundaries, such as literature and culture, literary texts and the ideological mechanisms of reproduction, with a particular period of literary production the mechanisms of power, literature, authors, publishers and readers the relationship between the public and criticized the cause of institutionalization and progress, enlightenment, liberation and so the tension between the ideal of humanism, literature and literary criticism in the infiltration of class, gender, race, identity, etc. and so on. However, in contemporary literary criticism, and not out of the identity of literary criticism, on the contrary, it tried from the culture, ideology, power, re-interpretation of words such as multiple perspectives and a variety of related topics Literature
2, criticism in the new, multi-concept cross-coexistence, various types of text to each other intertextuality. The question is, how to appropriately both start from the identity, re-interpretation of literary texts, so that pressure in the text cover the long history, a few silence the sound, distorted racial experience and identity of various edge and gradually open the veil , after Taiwan came from the stage? This issue, read the bit of Edward Said (Contrapuntal reading) and Althusser's symptomatic reading (Symptomatic reading), respectively, in two ways gives us a rare revelation. ③ If so, literary studies of identity, the literature, culture, history, language and other issues together organically, resulting in more classical and popular, elegant and the general public, readers, and critics such issues into the research field of vision. This is for us to grasp Lin from a multidimensional meaning and essence of cultural identity, has no doubt enlightening.
3, in Lin's multi-cultural identity, the Great Masters or culture is a very important thinker identity. This is the foothold of his thinking about, what his thoughts are those seemingly ancient but it seems the most fundamental problems. For example: the relationship between faith and life, philosophy, the relationship between rationality and religious consciousness, the subjective and objective understanding of the relationship between reality, the relationship between Chinese and western cultural thought, time, space and matter exist and cognition relations. Lin from the cultural context in which, consciously adjust and decomposition, so that the inherent culture into a new context, into the horizon of expectations in the West. It can be said that his Guoxue deep roots, making his ideas seem very heterogeneous but random jump, and theological problems with the penetration of each other, but unlike contemporary Western scholars, like thinking and deep concentration. However, in our minds of Lin Yutang, after all, a man of multiple identities of the intellectuals, the identity is not a simple sum in his possession, but upon each other and penetration, each winding, thus separating the entangled into a whole is difficult to . He did not fully agree with the basis of Western culture has been established, even on a wide range of criticism of Western culture.