把两段中文翻译成英语,必须自己翻译,不能用翻译软件哥伦布的发现成为美洲大陆开发和殖民的新纪元,是历史上一个重大的转折点.15世纪欧洲人口急剧膨胀,西方人知道美洲大陆后,使欧洲人

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把两段中文翻译成英语,必须自己翻译,不能用翻译软件
哥伦布的发现成为美洲大陆开发和殖民的新纪元,是历史上一个重大的转折点.15世纪欧洲人口急剧膨胀,西方人知道美洲大陆后,使欧洲人有了可以移民的场所.但同时,这一发现却导致了美洲原住民印第安人文明的毁灭.欧洲殖民者进入美洲,不仅进行殖民扩张,还压迫印第安人成为奴隶,以此来增加廉价劳动力,发动了大西洋奴隶贸易来买卖奴隶为获取财富.新航路地开辟,进一步地推动了世界各地之间的文化交流.美洲的橡胶、玉米、烟叶、番薯、可可与马铃薯等物产都是通过西班牙人带回欧洲后传遍世界各地的.而欧洲移民则把大麦、黑麦、燕麦、水稻等植物以及马、牛、骡等牲畜带入美洲并生根发芽,哥伦布大交换就是一个很好的例子,这大大丰富了东西半球的交流.另一方面,从长远来看,此发现还致使西半球出现了一些与曾在该地区定居的各个印第安部落截然不同的新国家（美国等）,对旧大陆的各个国家带来极大的影响.
恐怖统治主要有两个方面：经济恐怖和政治恐怖.前者以全面限价法令为标志,严禁囤积居奇,对日用必需品实行最高限价政策.这是一种用行政手段管理经济的体制.在政治方面,建立了集权统治,以加强对敌斗争.恐怖统治是雅各宾派在内忧外患的空前严重的情况下被迫采取的措施.它是一种“战时体制”,它暂时牺牲资产阶级的某些利益,以满足了群众的某些要求.其结果,在经济上囤积居奇和哄抬物价的投机行为得到了遏制,经济上的混乱局面得到一定的克服.在政治上,叛乱被平息,秩序得以稳定,共和国的危机得以解除.其功不可没.但是恐怖统治也产生了许多消极的,甚至是严重的后果. 一是以行政手段干预经济的超经济政策,或者叫统制经济,不可能真正地解决经济问题；二是恐怖统治在范围上无节制地扩大.在此期间,违反法制,滥杀无辜的现象相当严重.

Answer 1

The discovery of a new era in the development of Kolumb continent and colonial,is a major turning point in history.In fifteenth Century the European population is rapidly expanding,Westerners know after the American continent,the Europeans have to immigration places.But at the same time,this finding has led to a Native American Indian civilization destroyed.European settlers in America,not only for colonial expansion,oppressed the Indians as slaves,in order to increase the cheap labor,launched the the Atlantic slave trade to the slave trade to gain wealth.The new route of development,further promote the cultural exchanges between the world.American rubber,corn,tobacco,sweet potato,potato and other products are cocoa and by the Spaniard back to Europe and all over the world.While European immigrants to barley,rye,oats,rice and other plants and animals such as cattle,horses,mules and germinate into America,Kolumb exchange is a good example,it has greatly enriched the interhemispheric communication.On the other hand,in the long run,this discovery also led the Western Hemisphere appeared some and had settled in the area of each tribe in Indian new country different (USA etc.),has a great influence on various countries of the old continent.The reign of terror has two main aspects:Economic and political terror terror.The overall limit laws for the signs,is strictly prohibited hoarding and profiteering,the highest price fixing policy on daily necessities.This is a kind of administrative means of economic management system.In the political field,established the authoritarian rule,in order to strengthen the struggle against the enemy.A reign of terror is in the domestic trouble and foreign invasion Jacobins were forced to take an unprecedented serious case measures.It is a "wartime system",some interest it temporarily sacrifice of the bourgeoisie,to meet certain requirements of the masses.As a result,hoarding and profiteering in the economy and drive up prices of speculation has been curbed,economic chaos be overcome.Politically,the rebellion was put down,in order to be stable,the Republic of the crisis will be removed.The undeniable.But the reign of terror has also produced many negative,even serious consequences.One is the super economic policy of economic intervention by administrative means,or the controlled economy,really can not solve the economic problems; two is to expand the reign of terror excesses in scope.In the meantime,violations of the law,indiscriminate phenomenon is quite serious.
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