化工专业英语试题三,英译汉.(40分)1,Anatomconsistsofaverysmallpositivelychargednucleus,surroundedbynegativeelectronsheldbyelectrostaticattraction.Themotionofelectronschangeswhenchemicalbondsareformed,nucleibeing

Question

化工专业英语试题
三,英译汉.(40 分)
1,An atom consists of a very small positively charged nucleus,surrounded by negative electrons held by electrostatic attraction.The motion of electrons changes when chemical bonds are formed,nuclei being unaltered.
2,Electronegativity is the power of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond.Different numerical estimates agree on qualitative trends:electronegativity increases from left to right along a periodic table.Elements of low electronegativity are called electropositive.Electropositive elements form metallic solids.Electronegative elements form molecules or polymeric solid with covalent bonds.
3,Molecular orbitals are wavefunctions for electrons in molecules,often formed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals approximation.Overlappling atomic arbitals can give bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals.Electrons in bonding molecular orbitals have an increased probability of being in the region between the nuclei.
四,中译英.(15 分)
1,生锈的化学过程并不十分清楚,但已确认铁锈是氧和湿气作用生成的水合氧化铁,并且,由于微量的二氧化碳的存在生锈的速度将显著加快.\x0c
2,饱和烃尽管可以发生象卤代这样的化学反应,但是总的化学反应活性相对较低,相 比之下,不饱和烃易发生加成反应,芳香族化合物则往往容易发生取代反应.
3,气体溶质的分压与其在溶液中的溶解度之间的关系可用亨利定律来描述,即气体 溶质的分压与其在溶液中的溶解度成正比.
4,色谱法能将不同的组分分离是基于被分离物质的溶液中各组分与色谱中固定相和 流动相之间的亲合力存在差异.
5.对于液体有机物的分离和提纯来说,应用最为广泛的方法是蒸馏,其中包括常压蒸 馏,减压蒸馏,水蒸汽蒸馏和分馏.\x0c

Answer 1

1. 原子包含一个很小的带正电的原子核,靠静电吸引周围环绕着带负电的电子.当化学键形成时,电子的运动发生改变但原子核不发生变化.
2. 原子靠化学键中的电负性吸引电子.不同数值概数会形成质的趋向（*）.元素周期表中电负性从左到右增强.低电负性的元素被称为正电性,正电性元素形成金属晶体,电负性元素会通过共价键形成分子或聚合物.
3. 对于分子中的电子分子轨道为波函数,分子轨道通常由与原子轨道相似的线性组合组成.重叠的原子轨道可以产生成键和反键分子轨道.成键分子轨道中的电子在原子核内区域内的概率增大.

1. The chemical formation process of rusty is not quite clear,but it's sure that rust is ferrihydrite combined by oxygen and moisture. Meanwhile,the rusting accelerate obviously for the existence of carbon dioxide.
2. Although the saturated hydrocarbon can react as the halogenatingreaction,its whole chemical reactivity is relatively low ,in comparation with which,it is easier to realize addition reaction for unsaturated hydrocarbon and substitution reaction for aromatic compounds.
3. Henry's Law can give a discription of the relationship between partial pressure and solubility in the solution of gas solute that they are in direct proportion.
4. It's on account of the differences in affinity between each component in the solution of separated substance and the stationary phase and mobile phase that chromatography can separate different components.
5. Distill is the most widely used method to separate and purification for liquid organics,including vacuum atmospheric distillation、distillation、steam distillation and fractionation.

本着负责的态度认真的翻译了下,标有（*）的那句拿不太准,希望可以帮到你,累cry,对我的译文予以采纳哦~